// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
暂时性死区" N* s3 w2 m2 k9 E2 X8 ~& K
var不存在暂时性死区,let和const存在暂时性死区,只有等到声明变量的那一行代码出现,才可以获取和使用该变量。 & P6 @7 H3 n$ H N% [
// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
// var
{
var a = 20
}
console.log(a) // 20
// let
{
let b = 20
}
console.log(b) // Uncaught ReferenceError: b is not defined
// const
{
const c = 20
}
console.log(c) // Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined
重复声明+ ~4 D! P; f6 u' N, k
var允许重复声明变量,let和const在同一作用域不允许重复声明变量。 6 w- }3 Z# x1 v( R' b% |1 q
// var
var a = 10
var a = 20 // 20
// let
let b = 10
let b = 20 // Identifier 'b' has already been declared
// const
const c = 10
const c = 20 // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
修改声明的变量9 H2 n2 }7 S2 C+ d% }% ]! x
var和let可以,const声明一个只读的常量。一旦声明,常量的值就不能改变。 : c# t4 n# V. M
// var
var a = 10
a = 20
console.log(a) // 20
//let
let b = 10
b = 20
console.log(b) // 20
// const
const c = 10
c = 20
console.log(c) // Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable
使用 9 ?7 d# T% [ G% A. ^6 L0 L' T 能用const的情况尽量使用const,其他情况下大多数使用let,避免使用var。