var a = 20
let b = 20
const a = 30
const b = 30
// 都会报错
const实际上保证的并不是变量的值不得改动,而是变量指向的那个内存地址所保存的数据不得改动。对于简单类型的数据,值就保存在变量指向的那个内存地址,因此等同于常量。对于复杂类型的数据,变量指向的内存地址,保存的只是一个指向实际数据的指针,const只能保证这个指针是固定的,并不能确保改变量的结构不变。$ Q3 x a0 L- ?5 o5 P
// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
暂时性死区9 ]; |) U% F1 B( f
var不存在暂时性死区,let和const存在暂时性死区,只有等到声明变量的那一行代码出现,才可以获取和使用该变量。7 S7 q4 O% e9 ~) e6 L6 }4 a6 _
// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
块级作用域0 M* h, W! e. a( |
var不存在块级作用域,let和const存在块级作用域。( k8 }1 k, y! a2 U
// var
{
var a = 20
}
console.log(a) // 20
// let
{
let b = 20
}
console.log(b) // Uncaught ReferenceError: b is not defined
// const
{
const c = 20
}
console.log(c) // Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined
重复声明' ^3 w( @, D/ o! C4 W
var允许重复声明变量,let和const在同一作用域不允许重复声明变量。 / G- {0 i6 q, n% S
// var
var a = 10
var a = 20 // 20
// let
let b = 10
let b = 20 // Identifier 'b' has already been declared
// const
const c = 10
const c = 20 // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
// var
var a = 10
a = 20
console.log(a) // 20
//let
let b = 10
b = 20
console.log(b) // 20
// const
const c = 10
c = 20
console.log(c) // Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable